Isaiah parallels water for dry ground with God’s Spirit and blessing for Israel’s descendants, followed by growth and allegiance to Yahweh. Peter connects the Spirit’s outpouring with prophecy, what the crowd sees and hears, and the promised gift. Acts 2:33 says Jesus received the promise of the Holy Spirit and poured out what they see and hear; it does not simply say that the crowd saw the Spirit’s substance. The passages describe bestowal and its effects without defining the Spirit as a literal fluid.
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